Help

Type ?x for help on x.

Types

• Integer: Int8, Uint8... UInt128
• Real: Float16, Float32, Float64

typeof(x) returns a DataType which renders as one of the above

typemin(T) and typemax(T) return min/max values

eps(x) returns floating point precision at x

nextfloat(x) and prevfloat(x) return (x+eps(x)) and (x-eps(x))

zero(type) and one(type) produce representation of zero and 1

Constants

• Integer: 0b1100, 0o177, 0xabcd, 1234, -1234
• Real: 2.5e-4 (Float64), 2.5f-4 (Float32)
• Rational: 2//3 (extract parts with numerator() and denominator
• Complex: 1 + 2im
• Char: 'A'
• String: "Hello" or byte-array b"abc"

Expressions

Things like 2x and 2(x-1)^2 work as you might expect.

Integer division is \div<tab> or "÷"

{>>>} is logical shift

bitwise xor is \xor or "⊻"

Vector operators precede with "." as [1,2,3] .* 5

Conversion with Int64(3.000) but must use Int64(round(3.001))

Strings

Strings allow indexing s[1] or s[begin], BUT NOTE first character is s[1]. Also range s[1:3].

NOTE that indexes may not be sequential due to Unicode. See ​https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/manual/strings/

Operator * concatenates strings, as does string(s1,s2,s3...)

Interpolation of any variable as in "$stuff $bother" is supported. Any expression may be interpolated using "$(expr)".

Use triple-quotes for multi-line strings.

Regular Expressions

Very powerful and complete! See ​https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/manual/strings/#Regular-Expressions

  re = r"^(\d+)\s*(\d+)"
  m = match( re, "123 456")

typeof(m) is "Nothing" for no match

m.captures is array of captured values

Functions

  function f(x,y)
    x+y
  end

-or-

f(x,y) = x+1

Functions and binding is a very complex topic in julia!

Dictionaries

  D = Dict( 'a'=>2, 'b'=>3)       # construct
  haskey( D, 'a')                 # check for a key
  true
  D['z'] = 99                     # add a new entry
  delete!( D, 'z')                # delete an entry
  for k in sort(collect(keys(D))) # iterate over keys in order

The printf problem

There's a macro @printf which works, but doesn't take a variable as a format string.

  using Printf
  @printf "value: 0x%08x\n", 1234

Here's an alternative:

  using Printf
  f = Printf.format"%s 0x%06x\n"
  Printf.format( f, "hello", 1234)
  "hello 0x0004d2\\n"

Plots

Install gnuplot:

[ add Gnuplot

Then

  using Gnuplot
  y = Vector{Float64}()
  for x = range(0, 2*pi, length=32)
    push!(y,sin(x))
  end
  @gp y "with linesp"
  println("hit return")
  readline()

Save to PDF:

  save(term="pdfcairo",output="plot.pdf")

CSV files

  using CSV
  df = CSV.File( "file.csv", normalizename=true)
  for row in df
    println( row.Quantity)          # Quantity is a column name from the header
  end
  fields = String.( keys( df[1]))   # get list of column names